Posts
October 16, 2012
After watching the debate last night, I had a bunch of questions I thought were important but that were never asked. Here are three of them:
1. Why has the economy (GDP) been trending down for the past two years and the stock market moving up?
The answer of course in that the government has been pumping money into the banks (TARP, QE1, QE2, Twist Program and now QE3 with no limit as to the amount of money they will print.) This money goes to the banks and then the banks use this money to invest in the market (stocks, bonds, foreign investments, etc.). This 65% increase in “green paper” or money has driven the stock market up about 71% from the bottom in February 2009. This is illusionary wealth also called a bubble and like all bubbles, it will pop.
And just to make sure this money will go into assets that raise the value of the market (or what government economist’s call the “wealth effect”) which is suppose to make us run out and spend money; the Federal Reserve has instituted a Zero Interest Rate Policy (ZIRP) to make sure no one saves and is forced to go into the market to earn any interest.
2. How can the government continue to keep spending and driving up debt when mandatory spending (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Other Mandatory spending -like VA benefits, welfare, etc. – and the interest on the debt equal the entire revenue?
In 2012, the government spent $2.5 trillion on mandatory items and interest and received $2.5 trillion in revenues (taxes, tariffs etc.).
That leaves Zero money left for all other discretionary spending ($628t) and defense ($680t). This is more than a trillion dollars a year which means we will likely not even have enough revenues to pay for mandatory spending next year unless the economy picks up.
Follow up question:
So to get to a balanced budget, are you going to cut discretionary spending (education, homeland security, perks for your constituents, etc.) or Defense Spending (even though defense industries are scattered in every State to ensure Congressional votes)?
You know the answer. No and No.
3. Economic data has been very weak and deteriorating; yet this past month, two unbelievable things have happened to make me confused:
A. The Federal Reserve Chairman has been saying for some time that the economy has been slowly improving; and that based on the data, the Federal Reserve stands ready to assist (meaning QE3) if the data shows the economy is slowing further. Yet, two weeks after saying this for the umpteenth time, the Fed surprises the market with potentially the biggest injection of money ever! What about the data? I thought we were improving?
B. The data. This month the data, in contradiction to the Fed action, has been unbelievable: unemployment has dropped, retail sales have jumped significantly higher, housing starts have jumped significantly higher, etc.
We know you have “economic models” to predict the numbers, but the data does not fit the description of the economy provided by the Federal Reserve Chairman prior to injecting money into the banks (QE3). Does this mean the economy is getting worse and the models will reflect the real economy in a month or two or have the models just gone wacky?
Well, I know I’m over the time limit and it’s my opponents turn to talk so I’ll stop.
Showing posts with label monetary policy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label monetary policy. Show all posts
Thursday, October 18, 2012
Monday, January 10, 2011
Are Bonds (Fixed Income) at a Tipping Point? Part Duo
The first of November, my Market Update asked if bonds were at a tipping point because they were not responding as Fed Chairman Bernanke wanted (lower interest rates, lower dollar and increased commodity prices.) I also said that we would know more within the next few months.
Since then, the 10 year Treasury has moved down very slightly or about 20 basis points (0.20). However, the yield curve has steepened (short rates down and long rates higher.) Not what Bernanke wanted (unless he wanted to make the environment for bank profits better.)
The dollar has been rising not falling. But the problem is that other countries are not going to simply sit back and let the U.S. devalue the dollar (to improve exports), so they have responded by devaluing their currency in order to compete. This currency war can’t go on forever, but in the meantime, it is destructive.
Commodity prices are about the same.
It seems that there is no definitive answer yet, but there is a lot of new money going into the banking system and the banks have three choices of what to do with the money:
1.Sit on these new assets and collect the overnight interest rate from the Federal Reserve, or
2.Lend this money out to companies and individuals who want to borrow money. There is not much of this going on because banks are sitting on nearly a trillion dollars of excess assets, (maybe banks don’t want to lend or maybe borrowers don’t want to borrow.) or
3.Buy assets with this money (bonds, stocks, commodities, foreign investments, etc.) Contrary to what many people think, banks do not need to lend money to borrowers to make profits, they can invest the money here and abroad, wherever they can make the most money.
Another thing that seems to be going on here is that we have not seen much inflation (by government statistics) in spite of all the new money that’s been created. The reason many people think is that inflation will not happen until those trillions of dollars in excess assets get turned into trillions of dollars of credit.
So, think about this, if the economy does turn around or people think it has turned around; and suddenly want to use credit, would those trillions of dollars of credit turn into instant inflation? If so, that may not be good for the bond (fixed income) market as investors will want to be paid for the inflation risk.
Since then, the 10 year Treasury has moved down very slightly or about 20 basis points (0.20). However, the yield curve has steepened (short rates down and long rates higher.) Not what Bernanke wanted (unless he wanted to make the environment for bank profits better.)
The dollar has been rising not falling. But the problem is that other countries are not going to simply sit back and let the U.S. devalue the dollar (to improve exports), so they have responded by devaluing their currency in order to compete. This currency war can’t go on forever, but in the meantime, it is destructive.
Commodity prices are about the same.
It seems that there is no definitive answer yet, but there is a lot of new money going into the banking system and the banks have three choices of what to do with the money:
1.Sit on these new assets and collect the overnight interest rate from the Federal Reserve, or
2.Lend this money out to companies and individuals who want to borrow money. There is not much of this going on because banks are sitting on nearly a trillion dollars of excess assets, (maybe banks don’t want to lend or maybe borrowers don’t want to borrow.) or
3.Buy assets with this money (bonds, stocks, commodities, foreign investments, etc.) Contrary to what many people think, banks do not need to lend money to borrowers to make profits, they can invest the money here and abroad, wherever they can make the most money.
Another thing that seems to be going on here is that we have not seen much inflation (by government statistics) in spite of all the new money that’s been created. The reason many people think is that inflation will not happen until those trillions of dollars in excess assets get turned into trillions of dollars of credit.
So, think about this, if the economy does turn around or people think it has turned around; and suddenly want to use credit, would those trillions of dollars of credit turn into instant inflation? If so, that may not be good for the bond (fixed income) market as investors will want to be paid for the inflation risk.
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
Some ideas to think about as we head into 2010
We all have ideas about what 2010 will bring. I have made a list of some ideas, some thoughts, and some possibilities that I think might happen in 2010. But rather than guess at where the S&P 500 will end up or how much analysts will trim their earnings estimates; I thought I would come up wit a list of things that could make 2010 better or worse than I envision now. But I also wanted possibilities that would make people think about key elements of the economy as we move through the year. Here is the list.
1.Unemployment will not get much better and could get worse in 2010 because consumers are now into saving and debt reduction rather than spending; and companies key their inventories and expansion off consumer demand.
2.Dollar could increase in value early in the year due to global uncertainties (risks) and what looks like an improving U.S. economy and then fade later in the year.
3.The number of “Tea Party” people will continue to grow and will shape the look of the Republican candidates in the 2010 primaries.
4.More burdensome and anti-competitive regulations will come out of Congress that will prove to be roadblocks to recovery.
5.Concerns about when the Fed and Bernanke will raise interest rates will become mute because the market will raise rates months before the Fed and Bernanke decide it is time to raise rates.
6.The central Bank will hold interest rates low and continue to print money causing the next bubble because of malinvestments.
7.Residential housing will get worse in 2010 due to millions more foreclosures and more “toxic assets” put on bank balance sheets. Commercial real estate will continue to decline into 2011 because of the need to refinance “underwater” properties. However, new investors with assets will begin to buy up these cheap properties.
8.Banks will have to build assets to cover the toxic assets they currently have on the books and to cover the new toxic assets to come in 2010 and 2011. Therefore, bank lending will remain tight (and credit worthy borrowers scarce.)
9.Corporate winners and losers (consumers and tax payers have already lost) in the health “care” legislation will begin to become apparent in 2010 and the health care CEO’s and Unions who made deals with the administration will be surprised when they find that their negotiated “deals” will not be honored by the government.
10.Congress will pass another stimulus package to again help create jobs. It will be large, but it will be passed in smaller packages so they can get the spending bills passed without attracting too much attention or outrage.
11.Climate change hysteria will begin to abate during 2010 and Congress will begin to work on a realistic energy plan that we have been waiting and paying for since 1975.
12.Corporate revenues will continue to be elusive so companies that can raise money (with low interest bonds) will buy revenues and earnings with more mergers and acquisitions.
13.Government debt levels, already very high, will get much higher and the Federal Reserve is funding this debt with short-term bonds. Therefore, the Fed will be reluctant to raise interest rates. Imagine a 50% increase in rates (or from just 0.25% to 0.5%) would due to your “costs” when you are already paying hundreds of billions of dollars in interest.
14.This is certainly a minority opinion, but corporate earnings for 2010 are too optimistic and will be revised downward beginning with the second quarter numbers.
15.New investment areas will emerge because where you have buyers you have sellers and vice versa.
Is that enough or have I missed some important ones. If you have some others that should be added, please e-mail me your idea.
1.Unemployment will not get much better and could get worse in 2010 because consumers are now into saving and debt reduction rather than spending; and companies key their inventories and expansion off consumer demand.
2.Dollar could increase in value early in the year due to global uncertainties (risks) and what looks like an improving U.S. economy and then fade later in the year.
3.The number of “Tea Party” people will continue to grow and will shape the look of the Republican candidates in the 2010 primaries.
4.More burdensome and anti-competitive regulations will come out of Congress that will prove to be roadblocks to recovery.
5.Concerns about when the Fed and Bernanke will raise interest rates will become mute because the market will raise rates months before the Fed and Bernanke decide it is time to raise rates.
6.The central Bank will hold interest rates low and continue to print money causing the next bubble because of malinvestments.
7.Residential housing will get worse in 2010 due to millions more foreclosures and more “toxic assets” put on bank balance sheets. Commercial real estate will continue to decline into 2011 because of the need to refinance “underwater” properties. However, new investors with assets will begin to buy up these cheap properties.
8.Banks will have to build assets to cover the toxic assets they currently have on the books and to cover the new toxic assets to come in 2010 and 2011. Therefore, bank lending will remain tight (and credit worthy borrowers scarce.)
9.Corporate winners and losers (consumers and tax payers have already lost) in the health “care” legislation will begin to become apparent in 2010 and the health care CEO’s and Unions who made deals with the administration will be surprised when they find that their negotiated “deals” will not be honored by the government.
10.Congress will pass another stimulus package to again help create jobs. It will be large, but it will be passed in smaller packages so they can get the spending bills passed without attracting too much attention or outrage.
11.Climate change hysteria will begin to abate during 2010 and Congress will begin to work on a realistic energy plan that we have been waiting and paying for since 1975.
12.Corporate revenues will continue to be elusive so companies that can raise money (with low interest bonds) will buy revenues and earnings with more mergers and acquisitions.
13.Government debt levels, already very high, will get much higher and the Federal Reserve is funding this debt with short-term bonds. Therefore, the Fed will be reluctant to raise interest rates. Imagine a 50% increase in rates (or from just 0.25% to 0.5%) would due to your “costs” when you are already paying hundreds of billions of dollars in interest.
14.This is certainly a minority opinion, but corporate earnings for 2010 are too optimistic and will be revised downward beginning with the second quarter numbers.
15.New investment areas will emerge because where you have buyers you have sellers and vice versa.
Is that enough or have I missed some important ones. If you have some others that should be added, please e-mail me your idea.
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
Market Rising Faster Than Economy: Five Reasons Why
The market has significantly outperformed the economy recently. It seems confusing because of all the headwinds making economic recovery so difficult. For example: housing and commercial real estate continuing to decline, an over-levered consumer, growing unemployment, etc. However, the market does not seem to be concerned about these headwinds (at this time) so what are traders and investors using to bid up this market? You see and read a lot about the recession being over or that we’ve avoided a depression or consumer attitudes are improving etc. But it appears there are five major reasons the market is outpacing the growth of the real economy.
1. The “economy” is assembled and dissected as a Statistical Model
Remember, most people see the market through the lens of the conventional, statistical model of Gross National Product (GDP.) This model looks at the economy from a consumption point of view: a dollar spent, no matter who spends it, represents a dollar of GDP. This of course is why many people see green shoots all over the place and hear so many declarations from politicians, economists and the media that the positive GDP growth in the third quarter means the recession is over. They don’t seem to consider that a dollar spend today (increase in GDP) is a dollar that has to be subtracted (from GDP) through taxes later. Nor do they seem to consider that the dollar will be taken from someone who could probably use it more effectively.
2. U.S. fiscal policy is out of control
Government spending is out of control and congress has every intention of spending more and more. The government will pump in at least $1 trillion (above tax collections) this year and probably each year for the next ten years. That’s a lot of GDP “growth.” Add to that any new programs that might be enacted like health care spending or cash for clunkers. Also, the $800 billion stimulus package has not worked (business revenues still falling and unemployment has gone from 5% to 10%.) Yet, according to demand side economists (preferred by most politicians) like Paul Krugman at Princeton, we need another, bigger stimulus package if we really want to turn this economy around.
The government may not (at this time, be able to get another big, trillion-dollar stimulus package through Congress. However, they may be able to get a lot of “little, very targeted stimulus packages” through congress like: $11 billion more for home buyers, $33 billion for businesses on tax losses 3-5 years ago, $250 for each Social Security recipient at a cost of $14 billion, how about another “successful” cash for clunkers program because GM needs money, etc. All of this money will push up the GDP.
3. U. S. monetary policy is out of control
The Federal Reserve has reduced interest rates to 0-.25 percent (basically free money for banks); expanded its balance sheet by $1.75 trillion dollars and guaranteed the financial community $4.3 trillion to make sure banks will trade with other banks. The Fed, at its meeting last week, stated again that it intends to keep interest rates low (where they are) for an extended period of time (until the economy turns around or until they see inflation.)
This “liquidity” not only helps the banks recapitalize, it punishes savers and forces them to buy risk assets if they want to earn a return on their money (or simply spend it and help GDP.) All of this liquidity helps consumption, but it also causes malinvestment and the current “carry trade.”
4. Stable, low-cost money encourages a Carry Trade
This simply means you capitalize on the returns you can get by borrowing money at low rates in one country and investing the funds in another country for a higher return. Remember reading about this when people were borrowing the Japanese yen at zero percent interest and investing in the U.S. at a higher rate of interest. Well, you can do that right now without leaving the U.S. We are now the carry trade. Banks can borrow from the Federal Reserve at zero percent and buy longer term Treasuries and make the difference. Or, some can short the dollar (it’s down over 10 percent this year) and use the money to buy higher risk assets (equities, gold, etc) and make even more.
5. Global funds still streaming into the U.S.
This carry trade is not just being done by Americans, it’s global. Countries around the world have more growth than ever and are taking advantage of the declining dollar and the rising assets like equities, commodities, etc. As we saw in the Technology bubble and the housing bubble, the world is awash in money looking for a place it will be treated well.
These are certainly not all of the reasons the market is rising faster than the economy, but they are some of the more significant reasons. Also they may stay in place until the headwinds become too strong.
1. The “economy” is assembled and dissected as a Statistical Model
Remember, most people see the market through the lens of the conventional, statistical model of Gross National Product (GDP.) This model looks at the economy from a consumption point of view: a dollar spent, no matter who spends it, represents a dollar of GDP. This of course is why many people see green shoots all over the place and hear so many declarations from politicians, economists and the media that the positive GDP growth in the third quarter means the recession is over. They don’t seem to consider that a dollar spend today (increase in GDP) is a dollar that has to be subtracted (from GDP) through taxes later. Nor do they seem to consider that the dollar will be taken from someone who could probably use it more effectively.
2. U.S. fiscal policy is out of control
Government spending is out of control and congress has every intention of spending more and more. The government will pump in at least $1 trillion (above tax collections) this year and probably each year for the next ten years. That’s a lot of GDP “growth.” Add to that any new programs that might be enacted like health care spending or cash for clunkers. Also, the $800 billion stimulus package has not worked (business revenues still falling and unemployment has gone from 5% to 10%.) Yet, according to demand side economists (preferred by most politicians) like Paul Krugman at Princeton, we need another, bigger stimulus package if we really want to turn this economy around.
The government may not (at this time, be able to get another big, trillion-dollar stimulus package through Congress. However, they may be able to get a lot of “little, very targeted stimulus packages” through congress like: $11 billion more for home buyers, $33 billion for businesses on tax losses 3-5 years ago, $250 for each Social Security recipient at a cost of $14 billion, how about another “successful” cash for clunkers program because GM needs money, etc. All of this money will push up the GDP.
3. U. S. monetary policy is out of control
The Federal Reserve has reduced interest rates to 0-.25 percent (basically free money for banks); expanded its balance sheet by $1.75 trillion dollars and guaranteed the financial community $4.3 trillion to make sure banks will trade with other banks. The Fed, at its meeting last week, stated again that it intends to keep interest rates low (where they are) for an extended period of time (until the economy turns around or until they see inflation.)
This “liquidity” not only helps the banks recapitalize, it punishes savers and forces them to buy risk assets if they want to earn a return on their money (or simply spend it and help GDP.) All of this liquidity helps consumption, but it also causes malinvestment and the current “carry trade.”
4. Stable, low-cost money encourages a Carry Trade
This simply means you capitalize on the returns you can get by borrowing money at low rates in one country and investing the funds in another country for a higher return. Remember reading about this when people were borrowing the Japanese yen at zero percent interest and investing in the U.S. at a higher rate of interest. Well, you can do that right now without leaving the U.S. We are now the carry trade. Banks can borrow from the Federal Reserve at zero percent and buy longer term Treasuries and make the difference. Or, some can short the dollar (it’s down over 10 percent this year) and use the money to buy higher risk assets (equities, gold, etc) and make even more.
5. Global funds still streaming into the U.S.
This carry trade is not just being done by Americans, it’s global. Countries around the world have more growth than ever and are taking advantage of the declining dollar and the rising assets like equities, commodities, etc. As we saw in the Technology bubble and the housing bubble, the world is awash in money looking for a place it will be treated well.
These are certainly not all of the reasons the market is rising faster than the economy, but they are some of the more significant reasons. Also they may stay in place until the headwinds become too strong.
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